{"id":2928,"date":"2026-05-28T15:08:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T11:38:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/?p=2928"},"modified":"2026-05-28T17:39:49","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T14:09:49","slug":"%da%a9%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%af%d8%b1%da%a9-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%db%8c%d9%85%da%af%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/?p=2928","title":{"rendered":"\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc – \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06c0 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06c0 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c) \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u06c0 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06c0 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u067e\u0646\u0628\u0647\u060c crofting\u060c \u0642\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0698\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f5\u06f4 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 ITA- Independent Television Authority \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u200c\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u06c0 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c0 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u00ab\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u00bb (Inter State Commerce Commission) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f8\u06f8\u06f7 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 ITA \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06f1\u06f9\u06f6\u06f0 \u0648 \u06f7\u06f0 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u0636\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0639\u0645\u062f\u06c0 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc (utilities) \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0650 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u06c0 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06c0 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0646\u062d\u0648\u06c0 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0647\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u06c0 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u06c0 \u062f\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u06af\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u06c0 \u0633\u0648\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647 (Genetically Modified)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06c0 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0634\u062f\u0647. \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0648 permit-trading\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0627 meta-regulation \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u00bb: \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u06c0 \u00ab\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u00bb \u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u00bb \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644: \u0627\u0628\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631 high-quality regulation \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 OECD \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c0 regulatory impact assessment \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc meta-regulation \u0648 steering \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u06c0 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f: \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u00bb \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u063a\u062f\u063a\u06c0 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c0 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a: \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648\u06c0 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647. \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u00bb \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u06c0 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 responsive regulation \u0648 smart regulation \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c0 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u200c\u200c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u06cc\u0637\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Doing Business \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc (\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0622\u0646) \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u00ab\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u00bb \u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06c0 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u060c \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u06c0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 (sustainability) \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f0 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc  (\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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