{"id":2751,"date":"2021-12-06T21:59:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T18:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/?p=2751"},"modified":"2026-02-05T20:03:32","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T16:33:32","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b3%e2%80%8c%d9%be%d8%b0%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/?p=2751","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 (\u06f3)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/business-model\/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85-1\/\">\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644<\/a> \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/business-model\/%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d8%a8%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85\/\">\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06c0 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 scaling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 scale \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u00ab\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u00bb \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0631\u0634\u062f\u00bb (growth) \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 scaling\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06c0 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0634 (\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644) \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f: \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0648\u2026 . \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u06c0 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u06c0 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06c0 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scaling \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u06cc scaling \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. scaling \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0650 \u00ab\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u00bb \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06f1 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u060c \u06f2 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u06f4 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u06f8 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 <strong>\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong> \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c0 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc scalability \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06c0 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06c0 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0647\u00bb (scalable) \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u00ab\u0645\u0632\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u00bb \u062f\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f: \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0641\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u00bb.<\/p><cite>\u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/aryanaghalam.com\/book\/the-black-swan\/\">\u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0635\u06f4\u06f9<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u00ab\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc scalability \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062a\u0650 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u067e \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 (frictionless entry)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f (side switching)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061f). \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f (\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0648\u06af\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0631\u0627 frictionless \u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0635\u0637\u06a9\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u00ab\u067e\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u064e\u0646\u06a9\u00bb \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06c0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0633\u0626\u0648\u00bb \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u062a\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc) \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639 (choices of the crowd) \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06c0 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 side switching \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0634\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af (matching) \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af 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