{"id":2721,"date":"2021-09-15T07:49:57","date_gmt":"2021-09-15T03:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/?p=2721"},"modified":"2026-02-05T20:03:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T16:33:45","slug":"%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%da%a9%d8%b3%d8%a8%e2%80%8c%d9%88%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%85-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meemalef.ir\/?p=2721","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 – \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 (\u06f1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy\u2015and How to Make Them Work for You (Amazon page<\/a>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/p>

\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u061f \u0686\u0631\u0627 Blackberry \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06f4\u06f9 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u06f4 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06f2 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u061f<\/p>

\u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u06c0 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u061f (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/a>) \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc<\/a> \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647\u061f<\/p>

\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u200c\u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u061f<\/p>

\u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06c0 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u06c0 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c0 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u06c0 \u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 DNA \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a:
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Airbnb \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u062a\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u061b<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Uber \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f5 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u061b<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Alibaba \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u061b<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Facebook \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f4 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f5).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0634\u062f \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a – \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0628\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u00ab\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634<\/strong>\u00bb \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c John Deere\u060c GE \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645:<\/strong> \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06cc (governance) (\u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc) \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0650 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 pipeline \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u06c0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u0637\u06cc (linear value chain) \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u06c0 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f1- \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 (gatekeepers) \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u06c0 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u062f: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0648 \u06af\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0647. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 Kindle \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u06c0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u06c0 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f2- \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06c0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u06c0 \u00ab\u0631\u0634\u062f\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062a\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Airbnb \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u062a\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. Airbnb \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0647 Airbnb \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u062a\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0627\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc Just-in-time \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc not-even-mine \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong> (sharing economy) \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06c0 \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a: \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f (\u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u062a\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Airbnb \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f) \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06c0 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06c0 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u00bb \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 reputation systems \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (encourage good behavior).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c0 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f3- \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0645\u06c0 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c0 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 Airbnb \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c0 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u200c\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a (\u0633\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0631\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06c0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. (\u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f4- \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u06c0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06c0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062a\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u06c0 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u060c IT\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc R&D \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u00ab\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u00ab\u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u00ab\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u00ab\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f: \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u06c0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635\u06c0 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0634<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u06cc\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[1,117],"tags":[31,113,98,69,51,112],"yoast_head":"\n\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 - \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 (1) - \u0645\u06cc\u0645.\u0627\u0644\u0641<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631 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